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GIYAS M. GÖKKENT
Employment
§
Acting
Chair, Finance Department 2004 –
ABU DHABI UNIVERSITY
Abu Dhabi,
U.A.E. Taught 'Business Law’, 'Microeconomics', 'Macroeconomics', 'Statistics' ; Promoted to Acting Chair of the Department of Finance in August 2005; Helped develop a bachelor's degree program in accounting and an MBA program. English language curriculum. §
Assistant Professor
2003 –
2004 HAS
UNIVERSITY
ISTANBUL,
TURKEY Taught ‘International Economics’, 'International Monetary Economics', 'Global Financial Markets & Institutions', 'Multinational Financial Management', and ‘The Turkish Banking System’; English language curriculum. § Assistant Professor 1999 – May 2002 IŞIK UNIVERSITY
ISTANBUL,
TURKEY Taught 'Managerial Economics’ to MBA students and ‘International Trade’ to Senior year undergraduates; English language curriculum. § Economist 1999 - Aug 2002 T.
GARANTI BANK
ISTANBUL,
TURKEY Promoted to Assistant Director in 2000. Developed macro-econometric country model; Forecast key macroeconomic variables; preparation of an English quarterly (link to sample report) and monthly report on the Turkish economy, preparation of regular and irregular reports in Turkish (link to sample report), provided weekly seminars to various departments at the bank on current economic developments, briefed top management and counterparts from foreign banks on the outlook for the Turkish economy. Headed a project aimed at setting up an ‘economics portal’ on the internet. Founded ‘Forecast Group Turkey’, with economists from 12 other institutions contributing monthly macroeconomic forecasts. Key member of an open position committee to advise on currency risk to Volkswagen-Doğuş Auto Finance A.Ş. following a presentation to Volkswagen A.G. and VDF executives. §
Adjunct Professor
1998 MIAMI
DADE COLLEGE
MIAMI,
U.S.A. §
Teaching Assistantship
1995
- 1997 FLORIDA
INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
MIAMI,
FLORIDA
Taught undergraduate level micro and macroeconomics; Tutored graduate level
Public Administration Course – Applications of economic theory ranging from
demand elasticity estimation, cost/benefit analysis, impact of fiscal policy
changes on firms, etc. §
Research Assistantship
1993 - 1994 FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY MIAMI, FLORIDA Research
for a volume on foreign investment in the US & on free-standing firms. §
Insurance Agent
1992 - 1993 INSURANCE
CENTER OF CENTRAL FLORIDA
MELBOURNE,
U.S.A. Sold
life and health insurance for a multi-line company. Education §
Ph.D., Economics
1997 FLORIDA
INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
MIAMI,
U.S.A. Dissertation
Title: Theory of Foreign Portfolio Investment. Examined home preference
shown by investors, and relative volatility of foreign portfolio investment. §
M.A., Economics
1994 FLORIDA
INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
MIAMI, U.S.A. §
B.A., Economics
1991 UNIVERSITY
OF FLORIDA
GAINESVILLE,
U.S.A. Degree
earned in 2 years and 8 months. §
“O” and “A”
levels
1988 DOVER
COLLEGE
DOVER, U.K. Passed
nine “O” level courses. Awarded scholarship. Received A in Advanced Level
Economics. Skills §
French, Turkish, Arabic and
some Spanish. §
Software
– Econometric Views,
SAS, SPSS, AmiPro, Access, Word, WordPerfect, Excel,
Frontpage, Lotus, Adobe Photoshop, Powerpoint,
Publisher, Reuters Kobra. Awards § Florida International University, Department of Economics awarded assistantship for graduate study. §
Affiliations §
TUSIAD (Association
of Turkish Industrialists and Businessmen) advisory committees: - Economics advisory committee – member since March 2001
- proposed and
aided in publication of monthly consensus macroeconomic forecasts - Banking sector advisory committee – member since June 2001 - proposed and took part in a study examining costs faced by the Turkish banking system; please refer to the publications above. §
Omicron Delta
Epsilon, Eco. Intl. Honor Society Personal §
Date of Birth:
November 11, 1969
§
Marital Status:
Single § Military Service Completion : February 2, 1999 Publications / Conferences §
“Simultaneous Home
Bias and Cross-Holding of Assets Under Information Asymmetry”, Economia
Internazionale, February 1999. Abstract: Investors worldwide hold most of their assets in terms of domestic assets. This phenomenon of home preference seems to co-exist with some degree of cross-holding of assets across countries. Traditional explanations of capital flows based either on interest rate differentials or on portfolio motives do not explain these facts. This paper offers a model based on information asymmetry between domestic residents and foreigners in order to accommodate these empirical observations. In other words, the paper reconciles empirical observation of the existence of home preference - alongside crossholdings - with theoretical predictions of diversification in agents’ portfolios. The model elucidates how home preference behaves when a relevant variable - such as the rate of return - changes. These are then tested using panel data regression. JEL Classification: F21, G10, G11 §
“Simultaneous Home
Bias and Cross-Holding of Assets Under Information Asymmetry”, presented at
Department of Economics, Bilgi University, April 1999 & Bogazici University, May
2003. §
“Turkish Monetary
Policy in 2000 and Beyond”, Turco-German Chamber of Industry, Çırağan
Kempinski Istanbul, February 2nd, 2000. §
“The Turkish
Economy”, Euromoney, August
2000. §
“Misplaced Faith in
Autocontrol Mechanisms Begs for Proactive Policy”, Investor, #13:
25-31, August 2000. §
“Challenges Facing
the Turkish Banking Sector Post-Stabilization”(in Turkish), Iktisat, Işletme &
Finans, #174: 68-84, September 2000. Ozet: 1998 ve 1999 yılları
bankacılık sektörünün büyüme hızı
açısından altın dönemlerinden biridir. Önümüze çıkan
çelişki ise 1999 yılında 5 bankaya el konulmuş olmasıdır.
2001 yılından itibaren bankaların menkul değerler portföylerinin
getiri oranlarının düşmesiyle beraber sektörel büyümenin
olumsuz etkilenmesi muhtemeldir. Bunun idrakında olan bankalar devlete borç
vermek yerine özel sektöre giderek artan miktarlarda borç vermeye başlamışlardır.
Kredilerdeki canlanma ekonomik faaliyeti olumlu yönde etkileyip banka sektörünün
büyümesine katkıda bulunacaktır. Diğer bir taraftan artan kredi
miktarı, kredi kalitesinde bozulmaya sebep verecektir. Bu bozulma işçevriminin
büyüme sürecini terk edip, bir kaç yıl sonra tekrar duraklama sürecine
girmesiyle bankacılık sektörünü tehdit edebilecek bir unsurdur.
Dolayısıyla, bankacılık sektörü devlet borçlanma
araçlarından kaybedeceği gelirin karlılık üzerindeki
olumsuz etkisini telafi etmek için iki yola başvuracaktır. Özel sektöre
verilen krediler artırılıp gelir artırıcı önlem
alınıp, sistemin verimliliğini artırarak maliyet azaltmak
denenecektir. Böylece sektörde istihdam düşecek, banka sayısı
azalacak, ve yine de herşeye rağmen karlılık düşecektir.
Özel sektöre verilen kredi miktarı IMF tahminlerine dayanarak yaptığımız
çalışmaya göre 2000’de US$ 5 milyar, 2001 ve 2002’de her yıl
US$ 7 milyar civarında artacaktır.
Buna karşın 2001’de milli gelirin
%6-%7’si (2002’de %2-%3)
civarına kısılması planlanan bütçe açıklarının
azalması toplam yurtiçi kredi hacminin milli gelire oranında
daralmaya yol açacaktır. Dolayısıyla bankacılık sektörünün
büyüme hızı, hem nispeten düşük marjlar, hem de
milli gelire oranı düşen yurtiçi kredi miktarıyla, 1998
ve 1999’a göre azalacaktır. Yaptığımız ekonometrik
modelleme bankacılık sektörünün büyüme hızının
devlet harcamaları, reel faiz değişkenleriyle bağlantısını
tespit etmiş olup, 2001 yılından itibaren büyüme hızının
geçtiğimiz bir kaç yıla mukayese edilemiyeceğini
desteklemektedir.Türkiye’de
2000 yılı başında uygulamaya konulan kur’a dayalı
istikrar programının yan etkilerinden bir tanesi TL faiz hadlerindeki
gerileme olmuştur. TCMB, kur politikasını hedeflediği toptan
eşya fiyat endeksi artışına bağlamıştır.
Bu politikanın sürmesi halinde 2001 Temmuz ayına kadar kesin, 2003 yılına
kadar tahmini olmak üzere Türk Lirasının euro-dolar sepete karşı
olan değerini aylık (ve hatta günlük) bazda biliyoruz. TCMB’nin
2000 yıl sonu TEFE hedefi %20, 2001’de %10, 2002’de %5’tir. Bu
maliyet hesaplarını basitleştiren bir unsurdur. Liranın ana
para birimlerine karşı değer kaybının yavaşlaması
faiz hadlerini sür’atli bir şekilde düşürmüştür. Fakat,
TCMB’nin kur hedeflemesini temel politika olarak benimsemesi parasal
otoritenin kısa vadeli faiz haddi üzerindeki kontrölünü azaltmıştır.
Böylece 2000 yılında ortalama faiz haddinde ciddi bir düşüş
olsa bile, faiz volatilitesi artmıştır. Bu oynaklık uzun
vadeli aktiflerini kısa vadeli TL finansal araçlarla fonlayan bankacılık
sektörü için bir rahatsızlık kaynağı teşkil
etmektedir. Faiz haddi 2001 yılı ortasına kadar düşmeye
devam edip, bundan sonra, kur bandının genişlemesiyle, artış
gösterebilir. Kur bazlı istikrar programı uygulayan bir çok ülke
deneyimi bize bankacılık sektörünün üç ile yedi yıl arasında
ani, iki haneli bir devaluasyon olasılığına hazır olması
gerektiğine işaret etmektedir. JEL
Classification: §
“Turkish Banking
Sector to 2004”, mimeo, April 2001. §
“Elusive
Seigniorage ”, mimeo, May 2001. Abstract: §
“Turkey: Another
Case of Twin Crises”, mimeo, August 2001. §
“Elusive
Seigniorage” (in Turkish), Iktisat, Işletme & Finans, #186: 34-48,
September 2001. §
“Financial Sector
2002-2007”, with E. Alidedeoglu, presented at Turkish Industrialists' and
Businessmen's Association (TUSIAD), April 2002. §
“Financial
Sector 2002-2007” (in Turkish), with E. Alidedeoglu, Iktisat, Işletme &
Finans, #197: 68-88, August 2002. Ozet: Ekonomi yöneticilerinin çeşitli zamanlarda
telaffuz ettikleri “bankacılık sektörü toplam aktiflerinin 2007 yılına
kadar USD 500 milyara ulaşacağı” savı irdelenmiştir.
Oluşturulan senaryo ışığında banka aktiflerinin
2007 yılında ancak USD 278 milyara yükseldiği görülmüştür.
IMF (2001, 2002) tahminleri ışığında bu büyüklüğün
2004 yılı itibariyle ancak USD 190 milyara yükseldiği hesaplanmıştır.
§
“Financial
Sector in Turkey: 2002-2007”, with E. Alidedeoglu, mimeo, August 2002.
§ “Deposit
Insurance Premium Practices in Various Countries” (in Turkish), in
“Cost Factors Faced by the Banking Sector”, in Akar, Eratalar, Gökkent, Hedili &Yeni,
§
“An
International Comparison of Reserve Requirement Practices and the Latest
Modifications in Their Application in Turkey“ (in Turkish), in §
“Failure of an
Exchange Rate Based Stabilization Plan in Turkey”, Eastern European Economics,
v.41, # 1: 35-67, January-February 2003. Abstract: The Turkish
exchange rate-based stabilization (ERBS) plan adopted at the start of 2000 has
been a spectacular failure. The plan lasted a mere fourteen
months despite the use of a
relatively flexible peg regime and a pre-announced
exchange rate exit strategy. The final three months of
the currency regime was marred by the eruption of a banking sector crisis which quickly
developed into a currency crisis, quelled only via
additional external loans and an informal, blanket guarantee by the Sovereign of all
banking sector liabilities.
This was ultimately to no avail as the Lira was allowed
to float following a full-fledged
currency crisis in late
February 2001. §
“Policy
Suggestions with Regards to Banking Sector Costs §
“Credit,
Deposit Interest Spreads in Turkey”,
submitted for publication. Abstract: Gross
outstanding loans as a proportion of GNP stood at a mere 32%
at the end of 2001 in
Turkey. High credit interest rates have remained an impediment to greater
financial sector depth. The wide differential between Turkish Lira loan interest
rates and deposit rates – the intermediation spread – may be ascribed to the
influence of several factors. Prime among these
is chronic, volatile inflation. Gradually tackling price instability will
no doubt bring intermediation spreads in Turkey closer in line with global
levels. Meanwhile, other factors which directly affect spread levels could be
dealt with much more speedily. An examination of spread determinants in the
context of Turkey whilst presenting international best-practice standards
provides a useful beginning point. Spread levels simulated via a stylized model
adopted from Montes-Negret & Papi (1996) provide indicative orders of
adjustment for various policy actions, such as raising the capital to asset
ratio from 8% to 12%, and impact of reserve fund remuneration. Local currency
intermediation spreads are clearly higher in Turkey in comparison to
other countries, in part because of relatively higher imposed costs. §
“Regional Integration
in the Middle East
and North Africa”,
forthcoming. § “Turco-Syrian Trade Prospects”, working paper. § "Asset Markets and Business Cycles: The Case of the Real Estate Market in Turkey”, submitted for publication.
§ “E-Views in 15 Minutes”, e-views user's guide (in Turkish) with M. Sengun. § “Excel in 15 Minutes”, excel user's guide (in Turkish).
§
Contributions
in local media: -
Participation in
monthly and quarterly forecast polls conducted by cnbc-e and NTVMSNBC -
Interviews with CNN
Turk, cnbc-e, NTV, -
Polls conducted by Dünya
Business Daily -
Articles in NTVMSNBC - Elements of Economic Growth (in Turkish), April 2002
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